Fourth President James Madison is often referred to as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting the document that would lay out the founding principles for American democracy and governance. Madison, along with third president Thomas Jefferson formed the Democratic-Republican Party to oppose the Federalist Party founded by Alexander Hamilton. Madison also served as Jefferson's Secretary of State following his Presidential Election in 1800. In the years following the conclusion of the American Revolution, Madison was unsatisfied with the Articles of Confederation, which he considered toothless, and he organized the Constitutional Convention.Prior to being elected President Madison was an integral member of the House of Representatives and close adviser to First President George Washington. Elected in 1808, Madison would lead the United States into the War of 1812, which many Americans considered a successful defeat of the British after the initial Revolutionary War. His victory led to him being elected for a second term in 1812. However, the inconclusive success cemented in him a belief in stronger Federal powers, which would mark the remainder of his second Presidency. He retired from public office in 1817 and spent his last years in Montpelier until his death in 1836.This iconic print was illustrated by American artist Gilbert Stuart who produced Presidential portraits for the first five presidents, which became a part of each political figure's enduring legacy. The distinctive style and classic aesthetic create an indelible bond between the past and present while transporting the viewer back in time.
